ABSTRACT
Objective The locus coeruleus noradrenergic system regulates the recovery process of general anesthesia, but its mechanism remains unclear. The locus coeruleus has a large amount of projection to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT). This study was to investigate the effect of the α-noradrenergic receptor in PVT neurons in propofol anesthesia. Methods The immunofluorescence technique was used for comparison of the c-fos expression in the PVT neurons collected from male SD rats under propofol anesthesia (the PA group, n = 4) or no anesthesia (the non-PA group, n = 4) and observation of the activity of PVT neurons. PVT microinjection models were established in 40 rats and randomized into four groups of equal number: noradrenaline, phentolamine, propranolol, and isotonic saline. Under propofol anesthesia, the animals received microinjection of noradrenaline, phentolamine, propranolol, and isotonic saline at 1 μL into the PVT, respectively, and were observed for the time of recovery of righting reflex (RORR) and the δ (1-4 Hz), θ (4-8 Hz), α (8-12 Hz), β (12-25 Hz) and γ waves (25-60 Hz) on EEG before and after microinjection. Results The expression of c-fos was significantly reduced in the PA group compared with that in the non-PA control. The Ca2+ signals in the PVT were significantly increased during the propofol induction of the loss of righting reflex (LORR), but decreased in the early stage of and during propofol anesthesia (P < 0.05), and remarkably increased at the emergence of and during RORR (P < 0.05). In comparison with the isotonic saline control, the noradrenaline group showed markedly shortened time of RORR (837.8 s vs 647.7 s, P < 0.05), reduced rate of δ waves (P < 0.05) and elevated rate of β waves (P < 0.05), while the phentolamine group exhibited prolonged time of RORR (837.8 s vs 1045.1 s, P < 0.05) and increased rate of δ waves after microinjection (P < 0.05). Conclusion The α-noradrenergic receptors in PVT neurons play a critical role in promoting recovery from propofol anesthesia.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the effect of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) of MRI in surgical resection of high risk breast lesions.Methods: 244 patients with high risk breast lesions(235 breast lesions) were enrolled this study, and the lesion region and the ADC of MRI in contralateral normal breast were analyzed and compared.Results: In the 224 patients, all of the 235 breast lesions received puncture or relevant surgery confirmation. In the 235 lesions, there were 158 lump lesions, and the ADC of malignant lesion was (1.04±0.2)×10-3mm2/s, the ADC of benign lesion was(1.47±0.32)×10-3mm2/s, and the difference of the two ADCs was significant(t=14.964, P<0.05). In non-lump lesions were 77, the ADC of malignant lesion was(1.18±0.33×10-3mm2/s, the ADC of benign lesion was(1.51±0.3)×10-3mm2/s, and the difference between them was significant(t=9.243,P<0.05). The cut-off of ADC was determined according to receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve, and it was identified as malignance when ADC was less than 1.25×10-3mm2/s. Besides, the sensitivity and the specificity were 78.1% and 77.8%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.817.Conclusion: The ADC value of patients with high-risk breast lesions who received surgical resection is lower than that of benign lesion, and the malignant and benign lesion can be identified according to cut-off value of ADC. And there is difference of ADC value between lump lesion and non-lump lesion. Besides, the cut-off value of ADC of lump lesion is smaller than that of non-lump lesion.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the effect of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) of MRI in surgical resection of high risk breast lesions.Methods: 244 patients with high risk breast lesions(235 breast lesions) were enrolled this study, and the lesion region and the ADC of MRI in contralateral normal breast were analyzed and compared.Results: In the 224 patients, all of the 235 breast lesions received puncture or relevant surgery confirmation. In the 235 lesions, there were 158 lump lesions, and the ADC of malignant lesion was (1.04±0.2)×10-3mm2/s, the ADC of benign lesion was(1.47±0.32)×10-3mm2/s, and the difference of the two ADCs was significant(t=14.964, P<0.05). In non-lump lesions were 77, the ADC of malignant lesion was(1.18±0.33×10-3mm2/s, the ADC of benign lesion was(1.51±0.3)×10-3mm2/s, and the difference between them was significant(t=9.243,P<0.05). The cut-off of ADC was determined according to receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve, and it was identified as malignance when ADC was less than 1.25×10-3mm2/s. Besides, the sensitivity and the specificity were 78.1% and 77.8%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.817.Conclusion: The ADC value of patients with high-risk breast lesions who received surgical resection is lower than that of benign lesion, and the malignant and benign lesion can be identified according to cut-off value of ADC. And there is difference of ADC value between lump lesion and non-lump lesion. Besides, the cut-off value of ADC of lump lesion is smaller than that of non-lump lesion.